Fairy Tales |
Straeon Tylwyth Teg |
Belief in fairies was widespread, and tales of their adventures and mischief were popular all over the British Isles as well as across Europe. Despite regional variations, these tales reflected many common themes in fairy-lore: their demonic origin, the legendary fairy circles and dances, the consequences of discovering a fairy’s name, the concept of ‘the changeling’, and the possibility of being whisked away for many years at a time.
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Roedd cred mewn tylwyth teg yn gyffredin iawn, a hanesion eu hanturiaethau a'u drygioni yn boblogaidd ledled Ynysoedd Prydain, yn ogystal ag ar draws Ewrop. Er bod yna amrywiadau rhanbarthol, roedd y chwedlau hynny’n adlewyrchu llawer o themâu cyffredin yn llên gwerin- tylwyth teg: eu gwreiddiau cythreulig, y cylchoedd tylwyth teg a’r dawnsfeydd chwedlonol, goblygiadau canfod enw tylwythen deg, y cysyniad o ‘blant cyfnewid’ a'r posibilrwydd o gael eich cipio ymaith am sawl blwyddyn ar y tro.
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‘The Manx people believed that the fairies… were driven out of heaven with Satan. They called them “Cloan ny moyrn” – the Children of Pride.’
- William Cashen, Manx Folk-Lore, (1912)
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This is the first work of fairy stories compiled by the schoolmaster and folklorist William Jenkyn Thomas (1870-1959), illustrated by Hungarian artist Willy Pogány (Vilmos Andreas Pogány, 1882-1955). Pogány is best known for his pen and ink drawings of myths and fables, with a style characterised by detailed fairy motifs and pastel scenes in watercolour.
Hwn yw’r gwaith cyntaf o straeon tylwyth teg cawsant eu dethol gan yr ysgolfeistr a’r adroddwr llên gwerin William Jenkyn Thomas (1870-1959), a’u darlunio gan yr artist o Hwngari, Willy Pogány (Vilmos Andreas Pogány, 1882-1955). Mae Pogány yn fwyaf adnabyddus am ei ddarluniau pen ac inc o fythau a chwedlau, gydag arddull a nodweddir gan fotiffau manwl o dylwyth teg, a golygfeydd pastel mewn dyfrlliw.
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William Jenkyn Thomas, The Welsh Fairy Book, (London, 1907)
‘He saw a woman coming and a shadow from her feet, and he took fear of her.’
- West Highland fairy tale, (1859)
Hugh Evans (1854-1934) was a Welsh author and publisher. He established a printing press in Liverpool in 1897, and published over 300 books in the Welsh language. This collection of fairy tales was published after his death, and is charmingly illustrated by Liverpool artist, T. J. Bond. |
Roedd Hugh Evans (1854-1934) yn awdur a chyhoeddwr Cymraeg. Sefydlodd wasg argraffu yn Lerpwl yn 1897, gan gyhoeddi dros 300 o lyfrau yn y Gymraeg. Cyhoeddwyd y casgliad hwn o straeon tylwyth teg ar ôl iddo farw, ac mae’n cynnwys darluniau swynol iawn gan yr artist o Lerpwl, T. J. Bond. |
Hugh Evans, Y Tylwyth Teg (The Fairies), (Liverpool, 1935)
‘She returned to where the child was, but… she found a thing in the cloak that was not half the size.’
- Thomas Croker, Fairy legends and traditions of the south of Ireland, (1888)
Thomas Croker (1798-1854) was an Irish antiquary. The first part of this work was published in 1825, and subsequently translated into German in 1826 by the Brothers Grimm. Later editions were illustrated by Irish painter and illustrator Daniel Maclise (1806-1870). |
Roedd Thomas Croker (1798-1854) yn hynafieithydd Gwyddelig. Cyhoeddwyd y rhan gyntaf o’i waith yn 1825 ac yn dilyn hynny, cafodd ei gyfieithu i’r Almaeneg gan y brodyr Grimm. Yr arlunydd a’r darlunydd Gwyddelig Daniel Maclise (1806-1870) wnaeth ddarlunio rhifynnau diweddarach. |
Thomas Crofton Croker, Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland, (London, 1906)
‘The Fairies, passing by, carried him away, and he dwelt with them seven years.’
- Tradition of Iago ap Dewi and the fairies, J. Ceredig Davies, Folk-Lore of West and Mid Wales, (1911)
Jeremiah Curtin, Tales of the Fairies and of the Ghost World Collected from Oral Tradition in South-West Munster, (1895)
Born in Detroit to Irish parents, Curtin (1835-1906) was an American translator and folklorist. He visited Ireland between 1871 and 1893, where he collected the background research for this book and other collections on Irish folklore.
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Wedi’i eni yn Detroit i rieni Gwyddelig, roedd Curtin (1835-1906) yn gyfieithydd ac adroddwr llên gwerin Americanaidd. Ymwelodd ag Iwerddon rhwng 1871 a 1893, lle casglodd yr ymchwil cefndirol ar gyfer y llyfr hwn, a chasgliadau eraill ar lên gwerin Iwerddon.
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“Well my beauty”, says That, giving her five skeins already Spun, “what’s my name?”
- English Fairy Tales, retold by Flora Annie Steel (1918)
This collection includes forty-one tales of familiar stories such as ‘Little Red Riding Hood’, ‘Jack and the Beanstalk’ and ‘Rumplestiltskin’. Published as a limited edition by Macmillan Collector’s Library, these legends are brought to life by the drawings of Arthur Rackham (1867-1939), one of the leading illustrators of his time. |
Mae'r casgliad hwn yn cynnwys pedwar deg un o straeon cyfarwydd megis ‘Hugan Fach Goch’, ‘Jac a'r Goeden Ffa’ a ‘Rumplestiltskin’. Wedi’u cyhoeddi fel argraffiad cyfyngedig gan Macmillan Collector’s Library, dygir y chwedlau hyn i fywyd gan ddarluniau Arthur Rackham (1867-1939), un o darlunwyr blaenllaw ei oes. |
Flora Annie Steel, English Fairy Tales, (London, 1918)
Campbell (1821-1885) specialised in Celtic studies, and was an authority on Celtic folklore and the Gaelic peoples. One of Campbell’s most famous works is this four-volume collection of bilingual tales, which includes twenty-nine fairy stories. |
Roedd Campbell (1821-1885) yn arbenigo mewn Astudiaethau Celtaidd, ac yn awdurdod ar lên gwerin Celtaidd a’r pobloedd Gaeleg. Un o weithfeydd enwocaf Campbell yw’r casgliad hwn o bedair cyfrol o storïau dwyieithog, sy'n cynnwys naw ar hugain o straeon tylwyth teg. |
John Francis Campbell, Popular Tales of the West Highlands, (Paisley, 1890-1893)
John Gregorson Campbell (1836-1891) was a Scottish folklorist, church minister, and avid collector of traditional stories. This collection was published posthumously, and contains a thorough treatment of fairy tales and ‘superstitions’. The author corresponded regularly with John Francis Campbell, as both were fluent in Gaelic and had an interest in oral traditions.
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Roedd John Gregorson Campbell (1836-1891) yn adroddwr llên gwerin o’r Alban, yn weinidog Eglwys, ac yn gasglwr brwd o straeon traddodiadol. Cyhoeddwyd y casgliad hwn ar ôl ei farwolaeth, ac mae’n ymdrin yn drylwyr â straeon tylwyth teg ac ofergoelion. Roedd yr awdur yn gohebu'n gyson â John Francis Campbell, am fod y ddau yn siarad Gaeleg yn rhugl, ac ŷn ymddiddori mewn traddodiadau llafar.
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John Gregorson Campbell, Superstitions of the Highlands & Island of Scotland, (Glasgow, 1900)